In this walk through, we will be going through the Introductory Networking room from Tryhackme. This room covers an introduction to networking theory like the OSI and TCP/IP model. Along with that, we will peek into basic networking tools like ping, traceroute, whois and dig. So, let’s get started.
Task 1 – Introduction
Task 2 – The OSI Model: An Overview
Question 1 – Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP?
4
Question 2 – Which layer checks received packets to make sure that they haven’t been corrupted?
2
Question 3 – In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission?
2
Question 4 – Which layer transmits and receives data?
1
Question 5 – Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format?
6
Question 6 – Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers?
5
Question 7 – Which layer accepts communication requests from applications?
7
Question 8 – Which layer handles logical addressing?
3
Question 9 – When sending data over TCP, what would you call the “bite-sized” pieces of data?
segments
Question 10 – [Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with?
7
Question 11 – Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video?
UDP
Task 3 – Encapsulation
Question 1 – How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)?
frames
Question 2 – How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected?
Datagram
Question 3 – What process would a computer perform on a received message?
de-encapsulation
Question 4 – Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation?
Data Link
Question 5 – Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)?
Aye
Task 4 – The TCP/IP Model
Question 1 – Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP?
TCP/IP
Question 2 – Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Transport
Question 3 – Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Application
Question 4 – The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)?
Physical
Question 5 – Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer?
Internet
Question 6 – What kind of protocol is TCP?
Connection-based
Question 7 – What is SYN short for?
Synchronise
Question 8 – What is the second step of the three way handshake?
SYN/ACK
Question 9 – What is the short name for the “Acknowledgement” segment in the three-way handshake?
ACK
Task 5 – [Networking Tools] Ping
Question 1 – What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website?
ping bbc.co.uk
Question 2 – Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk. What is the IPv4 address?
217.160.0.152
Question 3 – What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests?
-i
Question 4 – What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4?
-4
Question 5 – What switch would give you a more verbose output?
-V
Task 6 – [Networking Tools] Traceroute
Question 1 – Use traceroute on tryhackme.com. Can you see the path your request has taken?
Done
Question 2 – What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute?
-i
Question 3 – What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route?
-T
Question 4 – [Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)?
Internet
Task 7 – [Networking Tools] WHOIS
Question 1 – Perform a whois search on facebook.com
Done
Question 2 – What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com?
94025
Question 3 – When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)?
29/03/1997
Question 4 – Perform a whois search on microsoft.com
Done
Question 5 – Which city is the registrant based in?
Redmond
Question 6 – [OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com?
Bellevue Golf Course
Question 7 – What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com?
[email protected]
Task 8 – [Networking Tools] Dig
Question 1 – What is DNS short for?
Domain Name System
Question 2 – What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?
Recursive
Question 3 – What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc)? Use the long version of the name.
Top-level domain
Question 4 – Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain?
Local cache
Question 5 – [Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one?
8.8.4.4
Question 6 – If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show?
86400
Task 9 – Further Reading
Also Read: Tryhackme – Introduction to Django
So that was “Introductory Networking” room for you. In this room, we have covered the fundamentals of networking like OSI Model, TCP/IP Model and Encapsulation. Further, we have gone through some common network tools like ping, traceroute, whois and dig. With all that in our arsenal, we completed some exercises related to the tools we have learned. On that note, i will take your leave, till then “Keep Hacking”.